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Maya culture
Complementary series, lunar series and correlation _______________________________________________________________________ Introduction The Mayan calendar, introduced 2000 years ago, is designed with the security of the
date being on top priority.For each Long count date only one calendar round date (a Tzolkin or a Haab date) is possible. The complementary series with the Lord of the Night (Hieroglyph G) and the Lunar series
(Hieroglyphs F, Z, Y, D, E, C, X, A , B) are elements of this system of securing the date. The link of the age of the moon (Hieroglyph D/E) to a certain date till now hasn't been stated by any other
calendar of other ancient cultures.Taking as an example lintel 21 in Yaxchilan ( s. Coe, 1992; p. 182/330 ) the hieroglyphs are explained according to Long Count 9.0.19.2.4 and Tzolkin date 2 Kan:
G = Lord of the Night (one of 9 ) here G8, F = meaning unknown, missing, Z and Y
= meaning unknown, D = age of moon 0 – 19, here 7 days, E = age of moon, if more than 20 days, missing,
C = lunations after last eclipse, here 3, X = god of lunation, A
= length of lunation, here 29 days, B = meaning unknown, missing. The listing is finished with the Haab date: here 2 Yax.
For a large part of date listings a shortened version of the lunar series was used. The lunar series is an important item for checking the correlation number for its correctness. Especially hieroglyphs
D/E and C are of utmost importance. If there is no congruence of the hieroglyphs D/E and C
when transferring a Mayan date into the Julian calendar, either there is a writing error, or the correlation number used is incorrect. (Today the basis of the eclipse days are considered as safe, e.g. Fred Espenak's tables, NASA, or a conventional astronomical software, such as RedShift.)
The Maya astronomers were familiar with the complicated lunar orbit, as is to be seen in the eclipse table of the Dresden Codex, where not only after 6 lunar orbits but also after 5 lunar orbits a solar
eclipse follows. It has to be taken into account that in some city states the rules of 6/5 were used in a different way and therefore some hieroglyphs C
are incorrect. But it also means that there have to be some correct hieroglyphs C. _______________________________________________________________________
Reviewing the date with GMT
9.0.19.2.4 = MDN (Maya Day Number) 1302884 GMT (often termed as „astronomical“ + 584285
= JD (Julian date) 1887169
Julian calendar = 15.10.454
Hieroglyph D
7 days = 8.10.454 new moon = 7.10.454
Hieroglyph C
3 lunations = 11.07.454 no day of eclipse Reviewing the date with my correlation number9.0.19.2.4 = MDN (Maya Day Number) 1302884
Correlation number Stock + 556408
= JD (Julian date) 1859292
Julian calendar = 19.06.378
Hieroglyph D
7 days = 12.06.378 new moon = 11.06.378
Hieroglyph C
3 lunations = 15.03.378 day of eclipse _______________________________________________________________________
Comparison day of eclipse with 9.0.19.2.4 and 9.16.4.10.8 (eclipse table)
9.0.19.2.4 9.16.4.10.8
MDN 1302884 1412848
correlation
584285 584285
JD 1887169 1997133
- Hiero. DC = 96
JD = 1887073 1997133
Next day of
eclipse 1887102 1997162
deviation
+ 29 days + 29 days
This comparison verifies unambiguously, that GMT does not concur with the days of eclipse and therefore – astronomically seen - can't be maintained as
a correlation number. Not only with the data mentioned above, but with many others as well it is to be seen that GMT is always pointing to a day of eclipse 1 lunar orbit later.
The comparison with my correlation number 556408 has the following result: Comparison day of eclipse with 9.0.19.2.4 and 9.16.4.10.8 (eclipse table)
9.0.19.2.4 9.16.4.10.8
MDN 1302884 1412848
corr. Stock
556408 556408
JD 1859292 1969256
- Hiero. DC = 96
JD = 1859196 1969256
Next day of
eclipse 1859196 1969256
deviation
0 days 0 days
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